Black alligator gar11/25/2023 BMC Evol Biol 13:223īandelt H, Forster P, Röhl A (1999) Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies. Sinauer Associates, Sunderlandīagley JC, Sandel M, Travis J, Lozano-Vilano M, Johnson JB (2013) Paleoclimatic modeling and phylogeography of least killifish, Heterandria formosa: insights into pleistocene expansion-contraction dynamics and evolutionary history of north american Coastal Plain freshwater biota. ![]() Harvard University Press, CambridgeĪvise JC (2004) Molecular markers, natural history, and evolution, 2nd edn. Theor Pop Biol 51:148–164Īvise JC (2000) Phylogeography: the history and formation of species. John Wiley and Sons, ChichesterĪusterlitz F, Jung-Muller B, Godelle B, Gouyon P-H (1997) Evolution of coalescence times, genetic diversity and structure during colonization. While there were still sampling gaps in our study, these results provide important baseline information for the management of Alligator gar populations and can serve to guide hatchery propagation and reintroduction programs.Īllendorf FW, Luikart GH, Aitken SN (2013) Conservation and the genetics of populations. Demographic analyses found evidence of demographic expansion in the two most widespread haplogroups, and haplotype diversity was lowest in interior sites. Of the three haplogroups, one was widespread while the other two were either found in coastal sites and drainages or were restricted to the western portion of the range. The mitochondrial data revealed similar patterns of genetic structure and diversity. The interior and peripheral coastal sites possessed lower levels of genetic diversity and estimates of effective population size. The third group comprised the interior portion of the range within the Mississippi River basin. Two groups were from coastal areas or river systems, with the extreme western sites representing one of these groups. Analysis of the microsatellite data identified 11 genetic groups representing three regional assemblages of populations. This study provides the most comprehensive examination to date of the range-wide genetic structure in Alligator gar with microsatellite genotype data for 935 individuals and mitochondrial control region sequence data from 696 individuals. Understanding the spatial patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation is necessary to guide management efforts. Conservation efforts are needed across much of the range where there are either declining populations or a growing popularity of Alligator gar as a trophy fish. Managers and researchers have taken an increasing interest in Alligator gar ( Atractosteus spatula).
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